The shallowest and the deepest are both in England 2.7 m at Silchester, and 26.4 m at Tarrant Hinton. In twelve cases the depths of the wells are known half of them are over 7 m deep. The wells are circular, and often narrow their diameters range from 0.7 m to 1.7 m, and only two wells have diameters exceeding 1.2 m. Malo pumps, were found.ġ0Of the eighteen known wooden pumps, fifteen were found in wells, and two more may have come from wells. The map shows where the 18 known wooden two-cylinder pumps, and the two St. Only one ancient text mentions using a pump to raise water from a well, and none mentions using a pump to dewater a mine.įig. Perfume was sprayed to sweeten the air in crowded places, and perhaps pumps were commonly used for this purpose. Discussions with Fire Officers confirm that these pumps would be very useful in fighting a fire, and much more useful than throwing buckets of water at it.
Ten mention pumps used to fight fires, and three mention the vigiles who operated them. Ancient texts contain a number of references to using pumps, and to their operators.
Heavy metal machines regiones disponibles portable#
It can produce a strong jet in any direction-for example, to fight fires.ĩPumps could therefore be used in fixed installations, positioned at the bottom of a well, cistern, or sump or as portable pumps, placed in a portable tank which is filled with buckets from the nearest available source.It can evacuate water in a pipeline along an uneven, twisting, incline-for example, from a mine.
But none are known from Spain, Africa, or the East. Two come from southern England, and two from southern France-from Lyon and Périgueux. Only one is known from Rome, but three have been found in Milan. 6), ten come from the area of the Rhine and Moselle, centered around Trier, a major Roman city. This paper is based on detailed examination of the remains 8, and on the reports of all eighteen made when they were found. 7 Stein 2004 mentions nineteen pumps but notes that the Unione pump and the San Giovanni pump may be (.)ħEighteen wooden pumps have been found 7, and remains of thirteen survive.Using bronze has a number of disadvantages bronze is expensive a skilled bronze worker is needed the parts have to be made and assembled with care to withstand high water pressure it is complicated to take the pump apart to maintain or repair it and it is difficult to fix the pump in position by attaching it to anything else. For example, the pump from the Antiquario comunale in Rome has more than 30 parts (fig. The bronze pump is made by soldering together many separate parts. The latest appears to date from the 3 rd c. They do not mention a design in wood, nor does any other ancient author.ĤThirteen pumps made of metal, or parts of them, are now known. They say that it is made from separate pieces of metal joined together, and two say that it is made of bronze. C.)ģThree ancient authors - Philo, Vitruvius, and Hero-describe the force pump. The concept is attributed to Ctesibius of Alexandria (ca. The cylinder requires two non-return valves one at the inlet, and one at the outlet.
2As with many very original ideas, the basic concept of the force pump 2 appears simple: a cylinder is filled with water a piston is then forced into it, displacing the water to a higher level through a pipe, or as a jet.
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